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Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545)
Elizabeth of Austria ((ポーランド語:Elżbieta Habsburżanka); 9 July 1526 – 15 June 1545) was the eldest of fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and his wife Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 164〕 A member of the House of Habsburg, she was married off to Sigismund II Augustus, who was already crowned as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania even though both of his parents were still alive and well. The marriage was short and unhappy. Elizabeth was of frail health, suffering from epileptic seizures, and died at age 18.
== Marriage plans ==
Elizabeth spent most of her childhood in the Hofburg, Innsbruck. She was raised with strict discipline and received a good education from humanist Kaspar Ursinus Velius,〔 but was not taught Polish language despite her early arranged marriage to Sigismund II Augustus.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 165〕 The marriage plan was first discussed when Elizabeth was just one year old. Louis, King of Hungary and Bohemia, died in August 1526 without leaving an heir. The Hungarian throne was contested between Louis' brother-in-law Ferdinand I and John Zápolya.〔 Louis' uncle Sigismund I the Old and Hungarian nobility supported Zápolya. The marriage of Elizabeth to Sigismund's son was proposed as means to discontinue Polish support to Zápolya.〔 Polish Queen Bona Sforza opposed the wedding as she opposed the growing influence of the Habsburgs.〔Duczmal (2012), pp. 165–167〕
In February 1530, ten-year-old Sigismund II Augustus was crowned as King of Poland (his father was still alive and of strong health) to secure his inheritance in Poland which had elective monarchy.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 525〕 Envoys of George, Duke of Saxony, attended the coronation ceremony and negotiated the marriage between Elizabeth and Sigismund August on behalf of Ferdinand.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 166〕 Great Chancellor of the Crown Krzysztof Szydłowiecki supported the wedding and organized a preliminary marriage treaty, signed on 10–11 November 1530 in Poznań.〔 According to the treaty, the marriage was to take place in 1533 when Elizabeth reached the age of 7. Her dowry was 100,000 ducats. In exchange, the Poles would grant her the cities of Nowy Sącz, Sanok, Przemyśl, Biecz.〔
Sigismund Augustus and Elizabeth were first cousins once removed (Casimir IV Jagiellon was great-grandfather of Elizabeth and grandfather of Sigismund August). This close relationship required a matrimonial dispensation, which was issued by Pope Clement VII on 24 August 1531.〔 The final marriage treaty, delayed mostly due to the opposition by Bona Sforza, was signed only on 16 June 1538 in Wrocław by Johannes Dantiscus.〔 The treaty did not differ from the preliminary treaty of 1530 other than the age of the bride which was now set at 16. The betrothal ceremony took place on 17 July 1538 in Innsbruck.〔 Bona continued to lobby against the marriage and instead proposed Princess Margaret of France.〔Duczmal (2012), pp. 166–167〕
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